CONSTRUCTION - Black's Law Dictionary

What is CONSTRUCTION? Definition of CONSTRUCTION in Black's Law Dictionary - Legal dictionary - Glossary of legal terms.

The process, or the  art, of determining the sense, real  meaning, or proper explanation of obscure or ambiguous terms or provisions  in a statute, written instrument, or oral agreement, or the application of such  subject to the case in question, by reasoning in the light derived  from  extraneous connected circumstances or laws  or writings bearing upon  the same or a connected matter,  or by seeking  and applying  the probable aim and purpose of the provision. Koy v. Schneider, 110 Tex. 369, 221 S.W. 880, 884.

As applied to statutes, constitutions, contracts, etc., the term necessarily presupposes doubt, obscurity, or ambiguity. Cohn-Hall-Marx Co. v. Vanosdall, 25 Ohio App. 360, 157 N.E. 908, 909.

Drawing conclusions respecting subjects that lie beyond the direct  expression of the term.  Lieber,  Leg.  & Pol.  Herm. 20;  Roberts v. Portland Water Dist., 124 Me. 63, 126 A. 162, 163.

This term is properly  distinguished from  interpretation, although  the two are often used synonymously. In strictness, interpretation  is limited to exploring the written text, while construction goes beyond and may call in the aid of extrinsic considerations, as above indicated.

The process of bringing together and correlating a number of independent entities, so as to form  a definite entity. The  Dredge A, D.C.N.C., 217 F. 617, 631.

The creation of something  new, as distinguished from the repair  or improvement of something already existing. Cabell v. City of Portland, 153 Or. 528, 57 P.2d 1292, 1297. The act of fitting an object for use  or occupation in the  usual way, and  for some distinct purpose. Paterson N. & R. R. Co. v. City of Paterson, 81 N.J.Eq. 124, 86 68, 69. See Construct.

Construction, court of.  A court of equity or of common law, as the case may be, is called  the court  of construction with regard to wills,  as opposed to the court of probate,  whose duty is to decide whether an instrument be a will at all. Now, the court  of probate may  decide that  a given  instrument is a will, and yet the court  of construction may decide  that it has no operation, by reason  of perpetuities, illegality, uncertainty, etc. Wharton.

Equitable construction. A construction of a law,  rule, or remedy which has  regard more to the equities of the particular transaction or state of affairs involved than  to the strict application of the  rule  or remedy; that  is, a liberal and  extensive construction, as opposed to a literal  and restrictive. Smiley v. Sampson, 1 Neb.  91.

By "equity of a statute" is intended  the rule of construction which admits within the operation of a statute a class of cases which are neither named nor excluded, but which, from  their  analogy to those  that  are named, are clearly and justly  within the spirit  and general meaning of the law;  such  cases  are said  to be "within the equity of the statute."

The modern doctrine is that to construe a statute liberally or according to its equity  is nothing more than to give effect  to it according to the intention of the lawmaker as indicated by its terms and purposes. Read v. Dingess,  C. C.A.W.Va., 60 F. 21, 29, 8 C.C.A. 389.

Strict  and liberal construction. Strict  (or literal) construction is construction of a statute .or other instrument according to its letter, which recognizes nothing that  is not expressed, takes the language used in its exact and technical meaning,  and  admits no equitable considerations or implications. Warner v. King, 267 Ill.  82,  107 N.E. 837, 839.

Liberal  (or equitable) construction, on the other hand, expands  the meaning  of the statute  to meet cases which are clearly within the spirit or reason of the law, or within  the evil which  it was designed to remedy, provided such  an interpretation is not inconsistent with  the language used; it resolves all reasonable doubts in favor of the applicability of the statute  to the particular case. Black, Interp.Laws, 282; Causey v. Guilford  County, 192 N.C.  298,  135 S.E.  40, 46. It means, not that  the words should be forced out of their  natural meaning, but  simply that  they  should receive a fair and reasonable interpretation with respect to the objects and  purposes of the instrument. Lawrence v. McCalmont, 2 How. 426,  11 L.Ed. 326.

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